WHO consolidated guidelines for the management of common childhood illness: management of sickle-cell disease in children and adolescents
World Health Organization
May 2026 · World Health Organization
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Sickle cell disease is one of the most common inherited conditions worldwide and remains a major cause of preventable illness and death in children, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the high burden, global normative guidance to support equitable care for children has been limited.
This publication presents the World Health Organization’s (WHO) first evidence-based guideline on the diagnosis and management of sickle cell disease in children and adolescents aged 0–19 years. The guideline was developed using WHO standard processes, including systematic reviews of the evidence, assessment of certainty, and consideration of benefits, harms, feasibility, resource use and equity.
The guideline provides recommendations across priority areas of care, including early diagnosis, infection prevention, use of disease-modifying therapy, management of pain and acute complications, stroke prevention, and screening for sickle cell disease–related complications. Particular emphasis is placed on interventions feasible for implementation in diverse health system contexts, including resource-limited settings.
The recommendations are intended to inform national policies, clinical protocols and service delivery models, and to support health workers across all levels of care. The guideline will also inform updates to WHO child health tools and training materials, including guidance for primary care and first referral hospital settings, with the aim of improving survival, quality of care and long-term outcomes for children and adolescents living with sickle cell disease.
This publication presents the World Health Organization’s (WHO) first evidence-based guideline on the diagnosis and management of sickle cell disease in children and adolescents aged 0–19 years. The guideline was developed using WHO standard processes, including systematic reviews of the evidence, assessment of certainty, and consideration of benefits, harms, feasibility, resource use and equity.
The guideline provides recommendations across priority areas of care, including early diagnosis, infection prevention, use of disease-modifying therapy, management of pain and acute complications, stroke prevention, and screening for sickle cell disease–related complications. Particular emphasis is placed on interventions feasible for implementation in diverse health system contexts, including resource-limited settings.
The recommendations are intended to inform national policies, clinical protocols and service delivery models, and to support health workers across all levels of care. The guideline will also inform updates to WHO child health tools and training materials, including guidance for primary care and first referral hospital settings, with the aim of improving survival, quality of care and long-term outcomes for children and adolescents living with sickle cell disease.
Sickle cell disease is one of the most common inherited conditions worldwide and remains a major cause of preventable illness and death in children, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the high burden, global normative guidance to support equitable care for children has been...
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