Louis Friedman holds a PhD in aeronautics and astronautics from MIT. He has worked on deep-space missions at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, and he co-founded The Planetary Society with Carl Sagan and Bruce Murray, serving as the organization’s executive director for thirty years. He was co-leader of the Keck Institute for Space Studies (KISS) Asteroid Retrieval Mission and Interstellar Medium Exploration Studies at Caltech.