Jonathan Phillips is Professor of Crusading History at Royal Holloway, University of London. His most recent book was the widely-translated The Life and Legend of the Sultan Saladin (2019). Earlier titles include Holy Warriors: A Modern History of the Crusades (2009); The Second Crusade: Extending the Frontiers of Christendom (2007); and The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople (2004). He was also co-editor of Crusades (2009-25).