In The American Trajectory: Divine or Demonic? David Ray Griffin
traces the trajectory of the American Empire from its founding
through to the end of the 20th century. A prequel to Griffin's Bush
and Cheney, this book demonstrates with many examples the
falsity of the claim for American exceptionalism, a secular version
of the old idea that America has been divinely founded and guided.
"Supported by extensive research, Griffin thoroughly debunks the
myth of an American Empire as a benign, exceptionalist, divinely
ordained historical agent. Instead of Manifest Destiny, what reality-
based Griffin charters is the ‘malign’ ways of US foreign policy since
the 19th century; a trajectory founded by slavery and genocide of
indigenous peoples and then imperially expanded, non-stop. ‘Malign’
happens to be a term currently very much in vogue across
the Beltway—but always to designate US competitors Russia and
China.
Griffin consistently challenges Beltway gospel, demonstrating that
if the US had not entered WWI, there may have been no WWII. He
unmasks the lies surrounding the true story of the Pearl Harbor
attacks. He asks: If the US was really guided by God, how
could it ‘choose’ to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki, knowing that ‘the
atomic bombs were not necessary to end the war?’
Griffin also shows how the Cold War was actually conceptualized
several years before the 1950 National Security Council paper 68 (NSC-
68). He revisits the origins of irrational hatred of Iran; the
demonization of Cuba; the lies surrounding the Vietnam debacle; the
false flags across Europe via Operation Gladio; the destruction of
Yugoslavia; the decades-long evisceration of Iraq; and the
ramifications of the Full Spectrum Dominance doctrine.
This sharp, concise history of the American Empire ultimately
demonstrates, in Griffin’s analysis, the ‘fraud’ of endorsing self-
praising American Exceptionalism. A must read.”
—Pepe Escobar, Asia Times/Hong Kong;
In The American Trajectory: Divine or Demonic? David Ray Griffin
traces the trajectory of the American Empire from its founding
through to the end of the 20th century. A prequel to Griffin's Bush
and Cheney, this book demonstrates with many examples the
falsity of the claim for American excep...