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The man behind this descent into madness, Edgar Allan Poe, lived a life that was often as gloomy as his fiction. Born in 1809, Poe was a pioneer of the short story and is often credited with inventing the detective fiction genre. His personal life was shadowed by the loss of almost everyone he loved to tuberculosis, and he struggled with poverty and a lack of recognition during his lifetime. Poe wrote The Pit and the Pendulum when he lived in a state of constant anxiety. When you read his descriptions of torture, you are reading Poe’s own exploration of helplessness and the human will to survive against impossible odds.