Epictetus' Discourses: As Reported by Arrian, The Encheiridion, and Fragments

Rather than abstract theory, these texts offer direct, often challenging instruction on how to live a rational, ethical, and resilient life, aiming to shape character rather than inform intellect.

Epictetus (c. 50–135 AD) was a former slave who became one of the most influential teachers of philosophy in ancient Rome. His most famous pupil, Arrian, studied under him as a young man and produced Discourses based on the notes taken from Epictetus' lectures, preserving his spoken teachings.

Central to these writings is the Stoic principle known as the dichotomy of control: the distinction between what is within our power—our judgements, desires, and actions—and what lies beyond it. Through clear examples and probing questions, Epictetus shows how misplaced desires and false judgements are the true sources of human suffering, affirming virtue as the only genuine good.

Translated by William Abbott Oldfather (1880–1945), this edition remains a timeless guide for anyone seeking inner strength, ethical clarity, and lasting tranquillity in their lives.