Published in 1901, The Octopus is the first part of Frank Norris’s unfinished trilogy The Epic of the Wheat, on the production, distribution, and consumption of wheat. The Mussel Slough Tragedy of 1880, a bloody incident in the conflict between farmers and the Southern Pacific Railroad involving disagreements on land ownership, inspired the novel, in which the portrayal of the railroad monopolies as powerful, evil, and greedy reflects the anti-railroad sentiments of the time.
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