In concise social histories of four European rural cultures, the authors emphasize the crucial effects of gender. They explore the contrast between each regional culture of origin and the urban experience of ethnic communities in Chicago. The concept of assimilation, they suggest, involves two different dynamics. In the initial phase, adaptation, the new environment demands major changes of incoming immigrants to meet basic needs. The second dynamic, acculturation, involves changes for immigrants and also for the new culture with which they interact.
Christiane Harzig is Assistant Professor of North American History at the University of Bremen. Marianne Knothe serves on the City Council of Warsaw. Margareta Matovic is a historian and historical demographer working in Stockholm. Deirdre Mageean is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Maine, Orono. Monika Blaschke has just completed her dissertation at the University of Bremen on women in the German-American women's press.