It is often commented that China is "the defining geopolitical issues of our time". This book is an especially timely contribution to the currently limited public policy debate on China as a threat to Western values and the "international rules-based system". Correction is long overdue with reference to speculative assumptions that Xi Jinping's regime represents a return to Mao's regime. "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" has significantly moved on under Xi's leadership. Hyperbole about China has presumed the continuation of Chinese Cold War ideology and has either lightly commented on, or ignored altogether the resurgence of core traditional ideas in Chinese policy formation. This book provides detailed research of "Xi Jinping Thought" and "Xi Jinping Diplomatic Thought". It adopts a widely construed, but serious interdisciplinary, approach towards the "China Problem", drawing on both the social sciences and humanities. This wide-angled approach includes "new sinology" in its recent review of "translated China", synthesizing tradition and culture with the development of modern Chinese ideology, politics and policy formation. The book's significant topicality is presented within an unconventional approach and formatted contents designed to reach out to the biggest circle of general and advanced, China-interested readers in the time of great debate.