ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE IN VARIOUS SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVES

Earth is the only life-supporting system we know of today. Within it, trillions of organisms coexist, influence each other, and depend on the same natural resources. As civilization advances, the interaction between humans and nature becomes increasingly complex (Manik, 2018). This complexity is particularly evident, for example, in marine and coastal areas. In these habitats, critical ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs do not exist in isolation but are biologically and physically interconnected to support the overall productivity of aquatic resources.

On the other hand, the drive to meet the necessities of life has driven humans to continuously develop various exploitation interventions and technologies. This ranges from the widespread adoption of capture fisheries to meet global protein needs to the engineering of marine biological resources into various functional food products. If these exploitative activities are carried out without adequate ecological understanding, the balance of life support systems will be threatened.