Tungkol sa ebook na ito
Classical logic prohibits contradiction as structural collapse: from a contradiction, anything follows (ex contradictione quodlibet). Two formal traditions have challenged this prohibition: da Costa's Annotated Paraconsistent Logic (LPA) [5,6], which tolerates contradictions without system collapse, and Smarandache's Neutrosophic Logic [1,2,3], which introduces genuine indeterminacy as an independent logical value. We show that LPA is algebraically a subset of neutrosophic logic via the embedding φ(A:(μ,λ)) = A:(T=μ, I=0, F=λ), which preserves all LPA operations under neutrosophic connectives. This result supports Smarandache's claim that neutrosophic logic subsumes paraconsistent logic structurally. Building on this foundation, we propose Neutrosophic Paraconsistent Logic (NPL), a development within the neutrosophic framework that adds an evidential layer: μ (favorable evidence) and λ (contrary evidence) as evidence degrees alongside the ontological I, enabling a formal distinction between epistemic contradiction (resolvable by evidence) and ontological contradiction (structurally irreducible). Nine formal propositions establish NPL's properties, including bounded paraconsistency under a defined annotated consequence relation _NPL. We formalize an Evidence Synthesis algorithm (NPL-ES) and apply it to a clinical controversy: prenatal paracetamol and autism spectrum disorder (N=17 studies), demonstrating that quality-weighted NPL annotation produces materially different and more actionable recommendations than raw vote-counting.
Classical logic prohibits contradiction as structural collapse: from a contradiction, anything follows (ex contradictione quodlibet). Two formal traditions have challenged this prohibition: da Costa's Annotated Paraconsistent Logic (LPA) [5,6], which tolerates contradictions without system collap...
Tumuklas pa
I-rate ang e-book na ito
Ipalaam sa amin ang iyong opinyon.
Impormasyon sa pagbabasa
Mga smartphone at tablet
I-install ang Google Play Books app para sa Android at iPad/iPhone. Awtomatiko itong nagsi-sync sa account mo at nagbibigay-daan sa iyong magbasa online o offline nasaan ka man.
Mga laptop at computer
Maaari kang makinig sa mga audiobook na binili sa Google Play gamit ang web browser ng iyong computer.
Mga eReader at iba pang mga device
Para magbasa tungkol sa mga e-ink device gaya ng mga Kobo eReader, kakailanganin mong mag-download ng file at ilipat ito sa iyong device. Sundin ang mga detalyadong tagubilin sa Help Center para mailipat ang mga file sa mga sinusuportahang eReader.
