
Jonathan Dean
There's insufficient characters for a full review, but Livingston simply hasn't addressed the criticism of Andrew Ayton and Michael Prestwich, especially regarding his translations. "Apud" is "at", not "near" "Devaunt"/"devant" does mean "before", but in the sense of "in front of" or "ahead of". "Versus" can mean "towards", but also "facing"/"adjoining" and "in the direction". "Devers" can mean "towards", but also "near", "at", "around", "on the side of" and "beside". Additionally, as a verb "devers" is often used to indicate that a person or thing is "from" a place. "Iuxta" does mean "near", but with connotations of being "hard by", "right next to" and "close to", which suggest a closer distance than the several miles from the proposed new location. "Usque" doesn't mean "towards" but rather "right up to", "all the way to", "as far as". "Emprés" does mean "near", but also "beside" and has a connotation of being "about" or "around" rather than a generic "near".