In this book the theory of integral equations of the first kind is constructed by using the methods of the theory of functions both of real and complex variables. Special attention is paid to the inversion formulas of model equations most often met in physics, mechanics, astrophysics, chemical physics etc. The general theory of linear equations including the Fredholm, the Noether, the Hausdorff theorems, the Hilbert-Schmidt theorem, the Picard theorem and the application of this theory to the solution of boundary problems are given in this book. The book studies the equations of the first kind with the Schwarz Kernel, the Poisson and the Neumann kernels; the Volterra integral equations of the first kind, the Abel equations and some generalizations, one-dimensional and many-dimensional analogues of the Cauchy type integral and some of their applications.